Early MIS efforts were largely unsuccessful because managers had difficulty articulating there information needs. Over time the communication barrier between managers and information specialists dissolved and firms implemented successful systems.

We take the position that the MIS is an organizational resource, one providing information to groups of managers with similar needs. The information spans the past. the present,and the future. is provided in all forms of computer output. and is used by managers and nonmanagers alike in decision making.

The MIS concept was so well received that managers in the functional areas began
incorporating software and data into the systems to meet their own needs. marketing led the way and was followed by manufacturing and finance. the most current attention is focusing on the executive level and the human resources function.

continue